Tests #22

the test case from the next commit exposed a deadlock because the
only object in the test would consume all memory und could not
get LRUd because fellow_cache_async_write_complete() would hold
the fco mtx during log submission.

UINT16_MAX would be just over a disk block, and allocating another
3.93k for a single additional segment does not make sense.

	(gdb) p /x sizeof(struct fellow_disk_seg) * 65534 +
		sizeof(struct fellow_disk_seglist)
	$7 = 0x37ffd0

Also fix a potential overflow, where a uint16_t was incremented after
clamping to UINT16_MAX.

Tests #22

Fixes another case of #22

Fixes one case for #22

fellow_cache_lru_chg() already calls fellow_cache_lru_chgbatch_apply()
when the remove array is full.

Fix a regression from 44d788bf:

While we do want to reduce the critical region holding the lru mtx,
we can not release the fco mtx before we have completed the trans-
action on it with respect to LRU state.

Because we might need to un-do the LRU removal of the FCO, we
need to keep the mtx held until we know.

Otherwise another thread can race us and change the state under
our feet.

In this case, we raced fellow_cache_obj_delete():

 #9  0x00007f2711972fd6 in __GI___assert_fail (
     assertion=assertion@entry=0x7f27116f3ec1 "(fcs->fcs_onlru) != 0",
     file=file@entry=0x7f27116f31f8 "fellow_cache.c", line=line@entry=3145,
     function=function@entry=0x7f27116f6b50 <__PRETTY_FUNCTION__.13829> "fellow_cache_lru_work") at assert.c:101
 #10 0x00007f27116bd1db in fellow_cache_lru_work (wrk=wrk@entry=0x7edb0a8135d0, lru=lru@entry=0x7edb4421eb10)
     at fellow_cache.c:3145
 #11 0x00007f27116bd7c7 in fellow_cache_lru_thread (wrk=0x7edb0a8135d0, priv=0x7edb4421eb10)
     at fellow_cache.c:3322
 #12 0x000056544bcc06cb in wrk_bgthread (arg=0x7edb3a6e0900) at cache/cache_wrk.c:104
 #13 0x00007f2711b39609 in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at pthread_create.c:477
 #14 0x00007f2711a5e133 in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95

(gdb) p *fcs
$1 = {magic = 25208, state = FCO_INCORE, fcs_onlru = 0, fco_infdb = 0, lcb_add = 0, lcb_remove = 0,
  fco_lru_mutate = 0, refcnt = 0, lru_list = {vtqe_next = 0x7eebee7a00a0, vtqe_prev = 0x7edb4421eb48},
  fco = 0x7ef07cf3c000, disk_seg = 0x7ef1cd8e8008, alloc = {ptr = 0x7ef1cd8e8000, size = 4096}, len = 0}
(gdb) p *fcs->fco
$2 = {magic = 2206029151, logstate = FCOL_DELETED, lru = 0x7edb4421eb10, fco_mem = {ptr = 0x7ef07cf3c000,
    bits = 13 '\r', magic = 4294193151}, mtx = pthread_mutex_t = {Type = Normal,
    Status = Acquired, possibly with waiters, Owner ID = 543234, Robust = No, Shared = No, Protocol = None},
  cond = pthread_cond_t = {Threads known to still execute a wait function = 0, Clock ID = CLOCK_REALTIME,
    Shared = No}, oc = 0x7ed3c82b0b00, fdb = {fdb = 2493649440769}, fdb_entry = {rbe_link = {0x7eebec72c000,
      0x0, 0x0}}, fdo_fcs = {magic = 25208, state = FCO_INCORE, fcs_onlru = 0, fco_infdb = 0, lcb_add = 0,
    lcb_remove = 0, fco_lru_mutate = 0, refcnt = 0, lru_list = {vtqe_next = 0x7eebee7a00a0,
      vtqe_prev = 0x7edb4421eb48}, fco = 0x7ef07cf3c000, disk_seg = 0x7ef1cd8e8008, alloc = {
      ptr = 0x7ef1cd8e8000, size = 4096}, len = 0}, aa_esidata_seg = {magic = 25208, state = FCS_USABLE,
    fcs_onlru = 0, fco_infdb = 0, lcb_add = 0, lcb_remove = 0, fco_lru_mutate = 0, refcnt = 0, lru_list = {
      vtqe_next = 0x0, vtqe_prev = 0x0}, fco = 0x7ef07cf3c000, disk_seg = 0x7ef1cd8e80f0, alloc = {ptr = 0x0,
      size = 0}, len = 0}, seglist = {magic = 3403082203, lsegs = 122, fdsl = 0x7ef1cd8e8178, fdsl_sz = 0,
    fcsl_sz = 0, next = 0x0, segs = 0x7ef07cf3c148}}

racing thread:

 Thread 3478 (Thread 0x7f2705d84700 (LWP 543234)):
 #0  __lll_lock_wait (futex=futex@entry=0x7edb4421eb20, private=0) at lowlevellock.c:52
 #1  0x00007f2711b3c0a3 in __GI___pthread_mutex_lock (mutex=mutex@entry=0x7edb4421eb20) at ../nptl/pthread_mutex_lock.c:80
 #2  0x00007f27116ab718 in fellow_cache_lru_chgbatch_apply (lcb=lcb@entry=0x7f2705d813f0) at fellow_cache.c:1104
 #3  0x00007f27116bf7b0 in fellow_cache_obj_delete (fc=0x7f27112ed000, fco=<optimized out>, fco@entry=0x7ef07cf3c000, hash=hash@entry=0x7ed6fb0c69b0 "b5*\371\064\062j\362\212Ze礤(X0լ\266\216JL&\231\223\302\031\315\365\277\n") at fellow_cache.c:4808
 #4  0x00007f271167eec2 in sfemem_free (wrk=wrk@entry=0x7f2705d825d0, memoc=memoc@entry=0x7ed3c82b0b00) at fellow_storage.c:543
 #5  0x00007f271167f365 in sfemem_objfree (wrk=0x7f2705d825d0, memoc=0x7ed3c82b0b00) at fellow_storage.c:577
 #6  0x000056544bc964aa in ObjFreeObj (wrk=wrk@entry=0x7f2705d825d0, oc=0x7ed3c82b0b00) at cache/cache_obj.c:412
 #7  0x000056544bc8ce8f in HSH_DerefObjCore (wrk=0x7f2705d825d0, ocp=ocp@entry=0x7f2705d82360, rushmax=rushmax@entry=0) at cache/cache_hash.c:1059
 #8  0x000056544bc81530 in exp_expire (now=1691019717.3146894, ep=0x7f2711246280) at cache/cache_expire.c:360

we allow up to 1 << MAX_NLRU_EXPONENT (64) LRUs. When objects
are created, they get hashed onto LRUs. LRUs never die but
during shutdown.

Consequently, the number of LRUs can be tuned at run time.

This fixes a use-after-destroy of the logwather condition variable
reported in #19

Fixes #20

I have tried hard to make value tracking understand the code, but to
no avail. It seems, for example

	assert(n <= 56)

and later
	assert(n > 0)

will just lead to flexelint knowning 1? but not 56 as the limit.

it was never accessed, but triggered flexelint

First and foremost, fellow_log_prep_max_regions was defined wrong:

Except in fellow_cache_test, we call log submission with a maximum of
FELLOW_DISK_LOG_BLOCK_ENTRIES = 56 DLEs. The intention of the
fellow_log_prep_max_regions was was to allocate space to track return
of the maximum number of regions possibly contained. The exact maximum
would be (FELLOW_DISK_LOG_BLOCK_ENTRIES - 1) * DLE_REG_NREGION + 1 =
(55 * 4) + 1 = 221, which is higher than FELLOW_DISK_LOG_BLOCK_ENTRIES
* DLE_BAN_REG_NREGION = 56 * 3 = 168.

Yet it seems prudent to not reply on any fixed maximum, and also our
test cases call for a higher value, so we now define the maximum three
times the actually used value, and also ensure that we batch the code
to this size.

In addition, one assertion in fellow_log_entries_prep() was wrong (it
compared a number of DLEs with a number of regions).

We also tighten some assertions to help future analysis of possible
issues in this area:

- Ensure that the data path via fellow_log_entries_prep() only ever
  uses a region list on the stack.

- By using the regionlist_onlystk_add() macro, ensure that we hit an
  assertion on the array on stack, rather than one on the regionlist
  pointer.

Diff best viewed with -b

Fixes #18

Related to #18

We should do this right and not over-allocate, this is just confusing.

Motivated by #18, but does not fix the root cause yet

For the call path in the bug ticket, the stack regionlist is supposed
to be big enough and the root cause is that it is not. But at any
rate, for that call path, the regionlist is OK to be NULL and
regionlist_add() should never be called.

If, however, it _is_ called, the regionlist can't be NULL.

Avoids:

fellow_io_uring.c:234:1: error: ‘try_flag’ defined but not used [-Werror=unused-function]
  234 | try_flag(unsigned flag)
      | ^~~~~~~~

the lru_mtx is our most contended mtx.

As a first improvement, batch changes to LRU for multiple segments
and maintain the effective change locally outside the lru mtx (but
while holding the obj mtx).

is there a better way?

https://github.com/axboe/liburing/issues/906

during error paths, we might call it multiple times